Four Seals of Dharma March 2000

Buddhism In a Nutshell by Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche
The Four Seals of Dharma are:

<1> All compounded things are impermanent.

<2> All emotions are painful. This is something that only Buddhists would talk about. Many religions worship things like love with celebration and songs. Buddhists think, This is all suffering.

<3> All phenomena are empty; they are without inherent existence. This is actually the ultimate view of Buddhism; the other three are grounded on this third seal.

<4> The fourth seal is that nirvana is beyond extremes.